Biodegradation of Safranin-O and Crystal violet dyes by Using Some Fungi Species

Abstract

The current study aims to remove Safranin-O and Crystal Violet from aqueous solutions using some species of fungi,
including Aspergillus niger and Alternaria spp. as an ideal alternative to expensive traditional industrial methods and an
alternative to chemicals that have a detrimental effect on the environment. The effect of the initial dye concentration and the
size of the inoculum was studied in different incubation periods. The results of this study showed that Aspergillus niger is
more efficient than Alternaria spp. in removing the Safranin-O dye more than the percentage of removing the crystal violet
at a concentration of 25% during three days with a removal rate of 75%, followed by a removal rate of 71%, but when the
concentration was 5%, it was the lowest percentage for removing crystal violet, and during one day of treatment, where the
percentage of removal was 43%.When using Alternaria spp., its effectiveness in removing dyes was equal, as the highest
removal rate was 65% when using the two dyes at a concentration of 25% within three days of treatment, followed by a
removal rate of 61% for both dyes at a concentration of 15% during two days of treatment, and the lowest removal rate
reached 43% for both. dyes at a concentration of 5% during one day of treatment.